Lymphoma in Pediatrics in India
- Lymphoma in pediatrics refers to a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system.
- In India, the two main types of lymphoma affecting children are Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
- Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin lymphoma is typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults but can also occur in younger children.
Types of Lymphoma in Pediatrics
1. Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)
- Definition: Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin lymphoma is typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults but can also occur in younger children.
- Subtypes: Common subtypes include classic Hodgkin lymphoma (with variations like mixed cellularity, nodular sclerosis, and lymphocyte-rich) and lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
- Definition: A diverse group of lymphomas that can arise from B-cells or T-cells. NHL can be more aggressive and varies significantly in presentation and behavior.
- Common Subtypes in Children:
- B-cell Lymphomas: Includes Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma.
- T-cell Lymphomas: Includes peripheral T-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetic predispositions and hereditary factors .
- Environmental exposures (e.g., radiation, chemicals) .
- Infectious agents and their association with leukemia.
Symptoms
1. Common Symptoms:
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin.
- Fever: Persistent or intermittent fevers without apparent cause.
- Weight Loss: Unexplained loss of weight over a short period.
- Abdominal Symptoms: If lymph nodes in the abdomen are involved, symptoms like pain, bloating, or fullness may occur.
- Night Sweats: Sweating during the night that soaks sleepwear or bedding.
- Fatigue: General weakness and fatigue.
Diagnosis
1. Medical History and Physical Examination
- Assessment of symptoms and physical examination to check for swollen lymph nodes.
2. Biopsy:
- A definitive diagnosis is made through lymph node biopsy, where tissue is examined for cancerous cells.
3. Bone Marrow Aspiration:
- To check for involvement of bone marroww, especially in aggressive cases.
Treatment Options
1. Chemotherapy:
- The mainstay of treatment for both HL and NHL, often involving multi-agent regimens tailored to the specific type and stage of lymphoma.
2. Radiation Therapy:
- Used in certain cases, particularly for localized HL or to complement chemotherapy.
3. Immunotherapy:
- Newer treatments may include monoclonal antibodies or CAR T-cell therapy for specific types of NHL.
- Stem Cell Transplant: Considered for high-risk patients or those who relapse after initial treatment.
Current Research and Developments
- Innovations in treatment protocols and management strategies .
- Clinical trials focused on pediatric lymphoma in India .
- Role of international collaboration in advancing care.
Conclusion
- Acute leukemia in children is a critical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment approach.
- Ongoing advancements in treatment strategies continue to improve outcomes and quality of life for affected children.
- Early recognition and multidisciplinary care are essential for successful management.
Departments
Blood Cancer
Sickle Cell Anaemia
Allogeneic Transplant
Haploidentical Transplant
Syngeneic Transplant
Related Hospitals
Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (Jasola, Delhi)
Max Super Specialty Hospital Gurgaon
Artemis Hospital (Gurgaon)
Jaypee Hospital Noida Delhi NCR India
Narayana Superspecialty Hospital Gurgaon
W Pratiksha Hospital (Gurgaon)
