Autologous Transplant in India
- Autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) is a significant treatment option for various hematologic malignancies and certain solid tumors.
- Hematologic Malignancies: Commonly used for conditions such as multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma.
- This procedure involves using the patient’s own stem cells, which are collected, processed, and reinfused after intensive chemotherapy or radiation therap
Types of Autologous Transplant
- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation (ABMT):Involves the collection of stem cells directly from the bone marroww. This is done under anesthesia, and the harvested cells are then processed and stored for later reinfusion after the patient receives high-dose chemotherapy or radiation.
- Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (APBSCT):This is the most common form of autologous transplantation today. Stem cells are mobilized from the bone marroww into the bloodstream using growth factors (like G-CSF) and then collected through apheresis
Causes and Risk Factors
- Infection: Patients are at risk for infections during the recovery phase due to low blood cell counts..
- Recurrence of Disease: There is a risk of disease relapse, particularly in hematologic malignancies.
- Long-Term Effects: Potential long-term complications, including organ damage from high-dose chemotherapy.
Symptoms
- Disease Symptoms: Patients may still experience symptoms related to their underlying condition, such as fatigue, fever, or pain.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Common side effects of high-dose chemotherapy..
- Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal disturbances can occur during this phase.
- Mouth Sores: Mucositis, or inflammation of the mucous membranes, can lead to painful sores in the mouth and throat.
Diagnosis
1. Medical History and Physical Examination:
- Comprehensive Medical History: A detailed review of the patient’s medical history, including previous treatments, underlying conditions, and any comorbidities.
- Physical Examination: A complete physical examination to assess the patient’s overall health and identify any potential complications.
2. Diagnostic Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): To assess the levels of red and white blood cells and platelets, providing information on anemia or infections.
- Biochemical Profile: To evaluate liver and kidney function, electrolyte levels, and other metabolic parameters.
2. Imaging Studies:
- CT Scans or MRI: Imaging studies may be performed to assess the extent of the disease and check for any organ involvement or lymph node enlargement.
Treatment Options
1. Pre-Transplantation Preparation :
- Comprehensive Assessment: Prior to transplantation, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to assess overall health and suitability for the transplant.
- Stem Cell Mobilization: Patients typically receive growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), to stimulate the production and mobilization of stem cells from the bone marroww into the bloodstream.
2. Stem Cell Collection:
- Collection of Stem Cells: Once mobilized, stem cells are collected from the bloodstream using a process called apheresis. This is done in an outpatient setting and may take several hours.
- Processing: The collected stem cells are processed, tested for viability, and stored for reinfusion.
3. Transplant Procedure:
- Growth Factor Administration: Patients typically receive growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate the production of stem cells in the bone marroww and promote their release into the bloodstream
- Monitoring: Blood tests are performed to monitor the levels of stem cells in the bloodstream.
Current Research and Developments
- Advancements in undeveloped cell preparation and assortment
- Role of immunotherapy in combination with autologous transplant
- Clinical trials and ongoing research initiatives in India
Support Systems
- Patient support groups and resources
- Psychological and nutritional support for patients
- Financial assistance programs and insurance coverage
Conclusion
- Efficacy: Auto-SCT has proven effective in providing curative treatment for conditions like multiple myeloma and lymphomas, with many patients achieving long-term remission.
- Reduced Complications: Since the patient’s own stem cells are used, the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is eliminated, leading to a more straightforward recovery process compared to allogeneic transplants.
- Comprehensive Care: The success of auto-SCT relies on a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists, transplant coordinators, nurses, and supportive care teams. This collaboration ensures that patients receive personalized care throughout their treatment journey.
Departments
Blood Cancer
Sickle Cell Anaemia
Allogeneic Transplant
Haploidentical Transplant
Syngeneic Transplant
Related Hospitals
Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (Jasola, Delhi)
Max Super Specialty Hospital Gurgaon
Artemis Hospital (Gurgaon)
Jaypee Hospital Noida Delhi NCR India
Narayana Superspecialty Hospital Gurgaon
W Pratiksha Hospital (Gurgaon)
