Haploidentical Transplant in India
- Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) is an emerging and significant treatment option for patients with hematologic malignancies and certain genetic disorders.
- This type of transplant utilizes stem cells from a partially matched family donor, typically a parent, sibling, or child, whose tissue type shares at least half of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) with the recipient.
Types of Autologous Transplant
- Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)
- Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSC)
- Haploidentical Transplant with T-Cell Depletion
- Haploidentical Transplant with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide
Causes and Risk Factors
- Infection: Patients are at risk for infections during the recovery phase due to low blood cell counts..
- Recurrence of Disease: There is a risk of disease relapse, particularly in hematologic malignancies.
- Long-Term Effects: Potential long-term complications, including organ damage from high-dose chemotherapy.
Symptoms
- Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss can occur.
- Bone Pain: May be present, especially in leukemia or lymphoma.
- Fever: Common in patients with hematologic diseases.
- Fatigue: Persistent tiredness often due to the malignancy.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Common side effects of high-dose chemotherapy.
- Mouth Sores (Mucositis): Painful sores in the mouth and throat.
Diagnosis
1. Medical History and Physical Examination:
- Comprehensive Medical History: Review of the patient’s medical history, including previous treatments, comorbidities, and family history.
- Physical Examination: A thorough physical exam to assess overall health and identify any issues that may affect the transplant process.
2. Laboratory Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): To evaluate blood cell levels and assess anemia, infection risk, and bleeding tendencies.
- CT Scans or MRI: Imaging studies may be performed to assess the extent of the disease and check for any organ involvement or lymph node enlargement.
- Biochemical Profile: To assess liver and kidney function and electrolyte levels.
Treatment Options
1. Pre-Transplantation Preparation :
- Comprehensive Evaluation: A thorough assessment of the patient’s health, including medical history, physical examination, and necessary laboratory tests.
- Donor Selection: Identification of a suitable haploidentical donor through HLA typing within the family.
2. Stem Cell Mobilization:
- Growth Factor Administration: The donor receives growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), to stimulate the production and mobilization of stem cells into the bloodstream.
- Monitoring: Blood tests are performed to track the number of stem cells mobilized.
3. Stem Cell Collection (Apheresis):
- Apheresis Procedure:The donor undergoes apheresis, where blood is drawn, processed to collect stem cells, and then returned to the donor. This can take several hours and may require multiple sessions.
Current Research and Developments
- Innovations in haploidentical transplant techniques
- Role of immunotherapy and novel agents in improving outcomes
- Clinical preliminaries and exploration drives in India
Support Systems
- Innovations in haploidentical transplant techniques
- Role of immunotherapy and novel agents in improving outcomes
- Clinical preliminaries and exploration drives in India.
Conclusion
- Haploidentical transplantation in adults in India is a comprehensive process that requires careful planning and execution.
- With advancements in transplant techniques, improved supportive care, and a growing body of clinical experience, haplo-SCT is becoming an increasingly viable option for patients with hematologic malignancies and other conditions.
- A multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive personalized care throughout their treatment journey, maximizing the chances of a successful outcome.
Departments
Blood Cancer
Sickle Cell Anaemia
Allogeneic Transplant
Haploidentical Transplant
Syngeneic Transplant
Related Hospitals
Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (Jasola, Delhi)
Max Super Specialty Hospital Gurgaon
Artemis Hospital (Gurgaon)
Jaypee Hospital Noida Delhi NCR India
Narayana Superspecialty Hospital Gurgaon
W Pratiksha Hospital (Gurgaon)
