Syngeneic Transplant in India

  • Syngeneic transplantation, or syngeneic stem cell transplantation, is a specific type of transplant that involves the use of stem cells from an identical twin.
  • This type of transplant is particularly unique because the donor and recipient share the same genetic makeup, minimizing the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and other complications.

 Types of Autologous Transplant

  • Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)
  • Syngeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSC)
  • Syngeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
  • Syngeneic Transplants with Modified Conditioning Regimens

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Hematologic Malignancies:Conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma often require transplantation when other treatments fail or in cases of relapse.

  • Genetic Disorders:Certain inherited blood disorders, such as thalassemia or sickle cell disease, may also necessitate transplantation for a potential cure.

  • Previous Failed Treatments:Patients who have not responded to chemotherapy or other therapies may turn to syngeneic transplantation as a next step.

  • Age and Health of the Recipient:Older age or the presence of other health conditions can increase the risk of complications during the transplant process.

Symptoms

  •  Fatigue: Commonly experienced due to the malignancy or disorder being     treated.
  • Fever: Possible due to the underlying disease, particularly in cases of hematologic malignancies.
  • Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss may occur as a result of the illness.
  • Bone Pain: Pain or discomfort, especially in conditions like leukemia or lymphoma.

Diagnosis

1. Medical History and Physical Examination:

  • Comprehensive Medical History: A thorough review of the patient’s medical history, including previous treatments, existing health conditions, and family medical history.
  • Physical Examination: A detailed physical exam to assess the patient’s overall health and identify any issues that may affect the transplant process.

2. Laboratory Tests:

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC): To evaluate blood cell levels and assess for anemia, risk of infection, and bleeding tendencies.
  • Biochemical Profile: Tests to assess liver and kidney function, as well as electrolyte levels.

Treatment Options

1. Pre-Transplantation Preparation :

  • Evaluation and Planning: A thorough medical assessment, including tests to evaluate organ function, disease status, and overall health.
  • Donor Selection: Since the donor is an identical twin, this step is straightforward, but HLA typing may still be conducted to confirm compatibility.

2. Stem Cell Mobilization:

  • Growth Factor Administration: The donor may receive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate the production and mobilization of stem cells into the bloodstream.
  • Monitoring: Blood tests are performed to track the number of stem cells mobilized.

3. Stem Cell Collection (Apheresis):

  • Apheresis Procedure: Stem cells are collected from the donor’s bloodstream using apheresis, where blood is drawn, processed to extract stem cells, and returned to the donor. This may require multiple sessions.

Current Research and Developments

  • Innovations in transplant techniques and technologies
  • . Role of immunotherapy in enhancing outcomes 
  • Progressing research and clinical preliminaries in India

Support Systems

  • Patient support groups and resources .
  • Psychological support for patients and families.
  • Financial assistance programs and insurance coverage.

Conclusion

  • Syngeneic transplantation represents a valuable treatment option for adults with certain hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders.

  • Utilizing stem cells from an identical twin, this approach offers significant advantages, including a reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and improved graft acceptance due to genetic compatibility.

  • The process involves several critical steps, including thorough pre-transplant evaluation, effective stem cell mobilization and collection, a carefully planned conditioning regimen, and close post-transplant monitoring.

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Departments

Blood Cancer

Sickle Cell Anaemia

Allogeneic Transplant

Haploidentical Transplant

Syngeneic Transplant

Related Hospitals

Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (Jasola, Delhi)

Max Super Specialty Hospital Gurgaon

Artemis Hospital (Gurgaon)

Jaypee Hospital Noida Delhi NCR India

Narayana Superspecialty Hospital Gurgaon

W Pratiksha Hospital (Gurgaon)

Pushpawati Singhania Hospital & Research Institute

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