Bone marroww is the profoundly cell delicate region in the empty of bones where all the platelets are created prior to coursing in to the circulation system. Whenever essential cells of the bone marroww (that are likewise called undifferentiated organisms which can develop and develop in to various cell types) become carcinogenic they lead to various kinds of blood malignant growths. These foundational microorganisms should be supplanted with sound undifferentiated organisms from a hereditarily matching giver so the marroww begins delivering sound platelets and the disease can be restored. This system is called bone marroww relocate (BMT) or immature microorganism relocate.

Why is bone marroww important?

• Bone marroww is a soft, spongy tissue inside the bones. Bone marroww contains hematopoietic stem cells, which are immature cells that can develop into these blood cells:
• Red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen throughout the body
• White blood cells (WBC) that boost our immune system and fights infections
• Platelets that are essential for blood clotting
• Bone marroww also plays an important role in the body’s immune system. As a result, the diseased bone marroww will not be able to produce necessary cells that can eventually affect the overall immunity of the patients leading to life threatening infections.

Indications for bone marroww transplantation

• Blood cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplasia, Hodgkin’s disease, multiple myeloma
• Diseases that affect the production of bone marroww cells, such as aplastic anemia, congenital neutropenia, sickle cell anemia, POEMS syndrome, neuroblastoma

Transplantation criteria and requirements

• Bone marroww transplantation is a thorough operation and isn’t suggested for everybody.
• The medical services group would assess the patient by leading different clinical trials, a total actual assessment and psychosocial assessments to choose whether that patient is a reasonable possibility for bone marroww transplantation.

Eligibility criteria

• Age: Sound people between the ages of 18 to 60 years could be ideal possibility for a bone marroww transplantation.
• Weight: to enlist as a potential blood undeveloped cell contributor, the most extreme Weight Record (BMI) limit is 40 kg/m2. Moreover, on the off chance that an individual’s weight is beneath 50kg, he/she isn’t qualified for giving their blood stem.
• Ailments: Individuals with the accompanying circumstances are not qualified for giving their undeveloped cells:
• Conditions that affect the central nervous system or any mental illness
• Autoimmune diseases
• Chronic conditions, such as diabetes or rheumatism
• Chronic heart diseases
• Chronic lung diseases
• Infectious diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and syphilis
• Blood disorders
• Pregnancy:  Pregnant women are eligible to register as blood stem cell donors.  But, they cannot donate until they fully recover after the delivery.

Types of transplantation

There are mainly two types of transplantation based on who donates the stem cells:

1. Autologous: In this transplant, the stem cells are collected from the same person who will get the transplant i.e., the patient is their own donor.
2. Allogeneic: In this transplant, the stem cells are collected from another person referred to as donor. A donor can be anyone among the patient’s family, friend or can even be a matched unrelated person.

.In addition to the above types, another type of bone marroww transplantation is Umbilical cord transplant. In this type the stem cells are taken from the umbilical cord of an infant immediately after delivery. These stem cells are tested, typed, counted and frozen until they are required for transplantation. This procedure is still under research evaluation and some encouraging results have been noted but still it is not standard practice.

Types of bone marroww transplantation donors

• Optimal donors: These donors have an identical HLA tissue typing, and are mostly a relative of the recipient, usually a sibling or, in rare cases, a parent or grandparent.
• Partially matched donors: These donors have a 50% HLA tissue match (always half matched, or haplo compatible) with the recipient. Biologic parents are always partially matched donors for the recipient.
• Alternative donors: These donors are unrelated to the recipient. They are healthy individuals with matching HLA tissue typing with the patient and are willing to donate bone marroww stem cells.
• Autologous donors:  In this type, the recipients themselves are the donors. Here the stem cells that circulate in the bloodstream are collected and are frozen or stored for later use. The recipient can donate only when his or her body produces enough healthy bone marroww cells.